The Theory, Organizational Behaviors, And The...

A learning organization is one that is able to transform its culture and behaviors from an occurred situation. This includes the organization realizing a repeated pattern of behaviors that is not growing or helping the organization in the right direction. When organizations admit to certain truths or facts and acknowledge flawed behaviors, then change can start. Organizations attempt to change by restructuring and reorganizing the company. Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning but, without it no organizational learning occurs’ (Senge 1990). Senge believed once an organization was in need of changing patterns to create desired results systems theories is†¦show more content†¦Achieving a new culture and environment involves understanding three kinds of stress - discomfort, performance, and disjunctive. Discomfort - complexity and uncertainty of its environment, resource constraints and difficulty securing finances, material, and workers. Performance - expectations for success/failure related to experiences, incentives, changes in preferences of leaders. Disjunctive - violations of norms regarding need for coordination and tolerance for conflict between and among individuals and subgroups (pg85). The foundation for a learning organization requires transformation from both individuals and organizations. One of the biggest challenges that must be overcome in any organization is to identify and breakdown the ways people reason defensively. Until then, change can never be anything but a passing phase (Argyris 1991). Everyone must learn that the steps they use to define and solve problems can be a source of additional problems for the organization (Argyris 1991). The advantage of Peter Senge’s work is the way in which he puts systems theory to work. He used his theories to connect with other theoretical devices in order to make sense of organizational questions and issues. Systemic thinking is the concept of integrating body of theory and practice. Systems theory’s is the comprehension to address the whole, and to examine the interrelationship between functions. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Theory, Organizational Behaviors, And The Interconnectedness Of Employees1224 Words   |  5 Pagesculture and behaviors from an occurred situation. This includes the organization realizing a repeated pattern of behaviors that is not growing or helping the organization in the right direction. When organizations admit to certain truths or facts and acknowledge flawed behaviors, then change can start. Organizations attempt to change by restructuring and reorganizing the company. Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual lear ning does not guarantee organizational learning butRead Moreâ€Å"Whatever Affects One Directly, Affects All Indirectly† Toxic workplaces is a systemic and1300 Words   |  6 Pagesleadership develop an organizational culture that does not tolerate aggression and behaviorally supports employees in dealing with it. It is imperative that leaders are equipped with the skills to appropriately access the environment , have the ethical temperament needed to take responsibility for the problem and the skill-set to effectively correct the problem (Ellen Ascalon, page 189). Emotionally and psychologically toxic workplaces can be framed through the following theories for redress: systemsRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Leadership1275 Words   |  6 Pagesexecutive officers’ ethical leadership, organizational ethical culture, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the results indicate a positive influence of ethical leadership on organizational ethical culture and CSR. Neves and Story (2015) sampled 224 workers across 18 organizations to determine the impact of ethical leadership on organi zational commitment and determined ethical leadership positively affected worker commitment and decreased organizational deviance. Demirtas and Akdogan (2015)Read MoreThe Theory Of The Five Frames Model1376 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Michael Cary (1999) introduces us to the theory of the five frames for effective leadership. Organizational life is filled with an abundance of unique challenges and conflict. The Five Frames model serves as a valuable tool to leadership by revealing the alternate perspectives of organization members. According to Carey (1999) â€Å"These five frames – rational, human, systems, political, and cultural – offer different angels for looking at organizational life, and each frame’s proposed outline ofRead MoreHow Motivation Helps Motivate Those Who They Lead Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesability to understand and utilize motivation becomes even more consequential. In a broad sense, work motivation is a combination of internal and ex ternal forces that lead to a certain direction, attitude, and longevity, in reference to work related behavior and tasks. There is certainly an aspect of motivation that is self-implemented. Simply, if one not a driven person who’s willing to buckle down and motivate oneself when attacking a certain task, then that person will undergo issues in the workforceRead MoreStarbucks Performance Management5640 Words   |  23 Pages|Spiritual performance from an organizational perspective: the Starbucks way | |Joan F. Marques.   Corporate Governance.   Bradford:2008.   Vol. 8,   Iss. 3,   p.  248-257   | Abstract (Summary) The purpose of this paper is to illustrate spiritual performance from the perspective of a globally operating corporation. The paper uses spirituality at work as its subject-matter and takes the form of a literature review. The paper approaches the topic by:Read MoreMotivating Employess: Most Effective Leadership Style Essay3112 Words   |  13 Pagesshare this complex monitoring with his employees/teams in order to track information on trends and developments (Yukl, 2006). Leadership should be able to also develop strategic plans to address the organization’s requirements by considering long-term objectives, the organization’s strengths and weaknesses, core competencies, current and new strategies, and outcomes of these strategies (Yukl, 2006). Leadership style most effective to motivate employees The most effective leadershipRead MoreLack Of Racial Diversity And Reverse Racism1754 Words   |  8 Pagesagency in an effort to divert them from criminalistics behaviors. In order to accomplish the mission and goals of DJJ, the agency is reliant on the probation officers and other essential employees who have contact with these juveniles, their families, and the community. Rationale On the micro, meso, and macro level, this program will assist in identifying best practices for managing a racially diverse workplace. This program will help employees develop their own racial identity and learn their individualRead MoreCollective Identity And New Social Movements1854 Words   |  8 PagesTomlinson (2003) argues that rather than destroying concepts of personal identity, increased interconnectedness may actually strengthen identity, referencing Manuel Castells’ argument that collective identity acts in opposition of capitalist globalization and asserts individuals’ control over their own lives (Castells, 1997; Tomlinson, 2003). Theorists have taken this concept and applied it to new social movement theory by asserting that modern society has assaulted and muddled the concept of the self,Read MoreThe Impact Of Work Motivation On Organizational Commitment3652 Words   |  15 PagesUsing the article â€Å"Impact of work motivation on organizational commitment† by authors Naveen and Ruby Gupta, as well as other resources, this paper researches the issue of motivation in the workplace. In addition to the topic of motivation, this paper explores some of the ways that motivation impacts other outcomes such as organizational commitment, job performance, attitudes, and employee effort. Lastly, recommendations are given in regards to how the manager in my particular situation could go The Theory, Organizational Behaviors, And The... A learning organization is one that is able to transform its culture and behaviors from an occurred situation. This includes the organization realizing a repeated pattern of behaviors that is not growing or helping the organization in the right direction. When organizations admit to certain truths or facts and acknowledge flawed behaviors, then change can start. Organizations attempt to change by restructuring and reorganizing the company. Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning but, without it no organizational learning occurs’ (Senge 1990). Senge believed once an organization was in need of changing patterns to create desired results systems theories is†¦show more content†¦Organizations must reflect on the structure employees have to operate in and ensure it is conducive to the image of a learning organization. People need the tools and guidance to understand the situation and the newly created conditions. In order to reinvent yourself or the organization it will require stepping out of our comfort zones for a learning organization to survive. This concept refers to adaptive learning, which is necessary for the organization. However, adaptive learning is linked to generative learning, learning that enriches our aptitude to create. Achieving a new culture and environment involves understanding three kinds of stress - discomfort, performance, and disjunctive. Discomfort - complexity and uncertainty of its environment, resource constraints and difficulty securing finances, material, and workers. Performance - expectations for success/failure related to experiences, incentives, changes in preferences of leaders. Disjunctive - violations of norms regarding need for coordination and tolerance for conflict between and among individuals and subgroups (pg85). The foundation for a learning organization requires transformation from both individuals and organizations. One of the biggest challenges that must be overcome in any organization is to identify and breakdown the ways people reason defensively. Until then, change can never be

Analysis of the Inferno of Dante Alighieris Divine...

Analysis of the Inferno of Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri is considered by many as the first great poem in the Italian language and perhaps the greatest poem written in Medieval Europe. The poem is so famous that one of the minor characters, Capaneus the great blasphemer, has his name on a mesa on one of Jupiters moon Io (Blue, 1). Also, the poem is divided into three canticles, or sections, Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradisio. For the purposes of this paper, only Inferno will be discussed. In Inferno, Dante the Pilgrim is lost. In his wanderings he encounters three specters, the leopard, the lion, and the she-wolf. Dante runs†¦show more content†¦However, again, for the purpose of this paper, only their occurrences in Inferno will be discussed. These symbols are important in understanding Dantes real meaning and in understanding how the different ways the story can be interpreted fit together. Dante, in Divine Comedy, makes it clear to us when he wrote it. His subtle hints at dating the story allow us to pinpoint the story to Easter Week, 1300. Even though he never comes out and says it, his language gives it away. In the first line of the entire poem, Dante tells us how old he is when this occurs. In the midpoint of our mortal lives, I find myself in a gloomy wood, here Dante tells us that he is 35 years old when this occurs (Cary 8). In another part of the story, Dante tells us about astronomical occurrences that occur in his journey. Here Dante is describing the constellation Pieces setting. From this we know that Canto VIII occurs at 6:52 am on the Thursday before Easter. At the beginning of Canto IX, Dante describes another astronomical occurrence. From this description of the moon setting, we know that Dante crosses the bridge in 8 minutes because the moon sets that day at 7 am in Florence. Why is this important? John Carlyle tells us that the chronology of Divine Comedy is one ofShow MoreRelated Analysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice      Ã‚  Ã‚   For Robert Frost, poetry and life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   were one and the same.   In an interview he said, One thing I care about,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and wish young people could care about, is taking poetry as the first form   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of understanding.   Each Robert Frost poem strikes a chord somewhere, each   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   poem bringing us closer to life with the compression of feeling and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   emotion into so few words.   This essay will focus on one particularRead MoreCanto Xx of Dantes Inferno1074 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of The Souls Damned in Canto XX from Dante Alighieri’s Inferno Introduction Virgil and Dante find themselves in Circle Eight, Bolgia Four. The damned in this circle are all diviners and soothsayers, viewed by Dante as practitioners of impious and unlawful arts who attempt to avert God’s designs by their predictions. Virgil implies that those who do prophesy believe that God Himself is â€Å"passive† in the face of their attempts to foresee, and possibly change, the future. For such impietyRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Inferno And Thomas More s Satirical Dialogue `` Utopia ``1366 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters, and theme.. Dante’s Inferno and Thomas More’s Utopia are perfect examples of the use of irony as they utilized the various techniques throughout their stories. There are a plethora of accounts where irony is apparent, including the sceneries, dialogue, and titles that are portrayed in their work. This essay will examine and compare the uses of irony in Dante Alighieri’s narrative poem, Inferno and Thomas More’s sa tirical dialogue, Utopia. Dante’s Inferno describes distinctive uses of

Hamlet and Rosencrantx and Guildenstern Are Dead Free Essays

The plays Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead by Tom Stoppard and Hamlet by William Shakespeare were composed in vastly different contexts and the nature of the plays greatly reflect the context in which they were composed. Hamlet is clearly a product of the times of the early 17th century as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is a product of the Swinging Sixties as it has very modern views on many issues that have been raised throughout time. A common feature in both plays which represented the context in which the plays were composed was the obvious pre-occupation with morality. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet and Rosencrantx and Guildenstern Are Dead or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Elizabethan times death was accepted more as a normal event as people did not live to be very old and there was an obvious pre-occupation with the idea of mortality and the afterlife. Hamlet is no exception to this as the play is concerned with death from the start, as we learn that Hamlet’s father had been killed. It is not strange at all that the ghost of Hamlet’s father appears and speaks to him. This reflects the context in which it was composed. People used to be entertained by such encounters with the dead in plays and believed strongly in death and an afterlife. Read this â€Å"The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead† The number of deaths that occur in Hamlet is also not surprising as audiences in Elizabethan times were very much pre-occupied with dying and felt comfortable watching it on stage. They also remained true to their beliefs that tragedy could only happen to famous figures. This is partly due to the distinct social classes in England at the time and it was not considered a tragedy so much if a peasant died. Therefore Hamlet is a product of an Elizabethan context in that it is pre-occupied with mortality throughout the play and audiences were comfortable with it because of their strong religious beliefs. Tom Stoppard, however, took two sideline characters from Hamlet and showed that Hamlet could be applied to modern audiences over four hundred years later. Rosencrantz nd Guildenstern, the main characters of the play are also pre-occupied with death. The context in which Stoppard composed the play, however, presents a changed view of death. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern both spend a lot of time thinking about death and what it means to them. They are not sure about it, and have a pretty bleak perception of the whole idea. They continue throughout the play not knowing for sure what will happen to them when they die, but they accept that they must die at some stage in their life. This reflect the context of sixties England entirely, as the trend in attitude was confusion about death. Nobody knew why they were on the earth and nobody knew where they were going when it was all over. Religion was being questioned in the sixties, like all traditional authority figures and this comes through very strongly in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. People didn’t have the assurance as they did in Elizabethan times with their beliefs in the afterlife. The fact that this idea was questioned so much in the play shows the contrast between the two plays and how Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead reflect the values of the sixties. A contrasting theme in the plays is identity. In Elizabethan times everyone was very sure of their place in the grand scheme of things and there was a distinct hierarchy of social classes. The characters of Hamlet are reflections of this context to an extent, because there is a sense of order in the play with the structure of the Danish monarchy. It is a very modern play, however, and there is a sense of disorder in the immediate world of the upper class society. This unrest is expressed from early in the play with lines such as â€Å"There’s something rotten in the state of Denmark†. Every character is clearly defined in Shakespeare’s play and nobody is confused about who they are or where they came from. The opposite of this, however, is Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in the sixties interpretation of the text. They seem to be very confused about their own personal identity and this can be seen frequently throughout the play when they and other characters mix their names up almost every time. The effect of this is humorous, but also comments on the confusion of identity that was being felt in the Sixties. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as characters very much reflect the ideas of the Sixties in this way, as they seem to be drifting throughout the play as observers, and are minor players. They are not sure about themselves, question their own identity and cannot find much purpose in their lives, which makes death difficult for them to comprehend. Because they are such minor players and tend not to take themselves as seriously as the traditional characters such as Hamlet himself, they can easily bring Hamlet down to a human level. They did this in the play when they quickly flattened Hamlet’s wit. In all these respects it is plain to see how the sixties version of the play reflected the context in which it was composed. What makes the contrast between the two plays so apparent is the audience that it was intended for. In Elizabethan times, audiences loved to see revenge tragedies and lots of blood and guts and murder, particularly amongst famous people. Hamlet is a clear product of this context as there are eight deaths in the play, which would have greatly entertained an Elizabethan audience. All people could appreciate Shakespeare’s blank verse and took pleasure in the language used. After all Shakespeare was looking to be the most popular writer of his day and appeal to as large an audience as possible. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead being composed in the Sixties is made for the theatre of the absurd. People in the Sixties could relate best to this, as there was a general sense of rebelling against the system and confusion about identity. Normal prose is used much more in this, as the beauty of language isn’t so much important but the feeling that they express about the situation through the language. The two plays Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead contrast in many ways because of the context in which they were created. The context of Elizabethan times is reflected strongly in Hamlet which holds the values of the early seventeenth century, as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead reflects the values of the Swinging Sixties which are abounded by confusion. These contexts are vital in the study of both plays as they do not differ greatly, apart from the values they carry from the time in which they were composed. How to cite Hamlet and Rosencrantx and Guildenstern Are Dead, Papers

Apple Inc. Logistics and Operations Management

Question: Discuss that which phone Apple Inc. is planning to launch with a powerful six-inch display. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. is planning to launch the strongest phone with a powerful six-inch display. This is the best ever phone designed by the company and it is going to be beneficial for the tech-savvy people (Stein et al. 2016). The device has been updated with matte-finished edges, gorgeous metallic finishes and a beautiful logo of the company made of stainless steel. The design of the product gives it a lavishing look and it is going to be the Unique Selling Proposition of the product. The product is named Apples Next and it is a perfect match for the people of the next generation. It has the features of a six-inch retina display, faster Wi-Fi and LTE, Live Photos, advanced iTunes, 64-bit A9 chip with a co-processor of M9 motion. The co-processor is used in iPhone 6, as well as, in iPhone 6S. However, the microprocessor has been modified for the individuals to explore a new world of technology (Moerman, 2012). This product is going to be the best in the world with exceptional features and th e product will have the best camera in the global sector. The i-Sight camera of 14-megapixel will fascinate the users with a completely new experience (iMore 2014). Details It is very important for the organisation to design its product in a different way. The organisation is quite successful in delivering new products and services to the users with excitingly new and fascinating features. The users love the iPhones because of their exceptional features. The new product Apples Next has followed the trend of the iPhones and has a promising feature of satisfying the potential customers. The company has decided to name it as Apples Next to give it an exceptional advantage. The users will be aware of the additional advantages of the product and hence, buy them for their advantage. The product has a compact design and it is best suited for the people who love large phones. It has a classy outlook and will be preferred by businesspersons, office-goers and teenagers. It is going to be the strongest phone with a powerful battery backup. The battery will last for a long period and the phone will not be affected if it falls down. The display of the phone will hav e a powerful gorilla glass and it will protect the device from scratches and other disturbances. The 64-bit chip of the phone will provide the customers with three times faster GPU performance and two times faster CPU performance compared to iPhone 5s. It has a similarity with the newly introduced product iPhone SE (The Times of India 2016). However, the difference lies in the display and the camera quality of the phone. The applications of the product have the capability to run at low power and this would enhance greater life to the battery of the phone. It has built-in apps like FaceTime, Messages, Maps, Music and Photos (Leotechnosoft.net 2016). In spite of its large body, the phone is sleek and thin and this will be acceptable by the potential users of the product. Aims and Objectives The product aims at providing the best experiences to the potential users of the product. It has some exceptional features. The product is going to be better than the iPhones produced by the company. The company has experienced a slight fall in its market in the past few years because of the innovation of technology (Nagamia 2015). The number of competitors has increased in the potential market. Therefore, the company has thought of introducing the product Apples Next, which has got some exceptionally brilliant features to satisfy the customers. The features of the product will help the company to attract new customers and retain the existing customers. The product aims at increasing the market share of the company and regaining the position of the company in the target or the potential market. The product wants to provide the best camera experience to the users. It has an advanced 14-megapixel iSight camera, which features the technology of Focus Pixel for fast focusing. The custome rs are going to love the new features offered by the product and there lies the objective of the product. The company wants to satisfy its potential customers by providing them with a product offering exceptional features. Stages of Product The product will undergo the various stages in the product life cycle. Every product in the product life cycle has four stages namely the introduction stage, the growth stage, the maturity stage and the decline stage. The said product will also undergo the above-mentioned stages to provide a completely new experience to the potential customers. Introduction Stage- this stage is the most expensive stage of the company because the product Apples Next is going to be introduced in the market. The launching of the product will incur huge cost on advertising and other campaigns. The product will experience a new feeling in a particular stage. The product is going to gain its new customers and the customers are going to judge the features of the product. The market size of the product will be low and therefore, the product will have low sales (Stark 2015). The cost of things such as development and research, marketing and consumer testing is going to be very high, as it is a competitive sector. The product will have a tough fight with its predecessor iPhone SE(McGarry and McGarry 2016). Growth Stage- the product is supposed to benefit in the growth stage. The product will have many potential customers because of its exceptional features. This means that there will be an increase in the sales of the product. This will further increase the profit of the company (Hanks 2015). There will be an increase in the profit margin of the company. The product has the capability to increase the market and gain a competitive advantage in the potential market. The company can invest more money into the designing and the promotional activity of the product. This will further maximise the potential of the product in this stage. Maturity Stage- once the product reaches its maturity stage, the company will aim at maintaining the market share that has been built by the company. This is going to be the most competitive time for the company and the product (Kerzner 2013). The company needs to do wise investments to maintain the market share in the competitive market. It depends on the company to modify and re-design the product by looking at the sales figure. The product has some exceptional features, which have the capability to retain the existing customers. However, the company can also modify few application of the products according to the demands and needs of the potential customers. This can provide a competitive advantage to the product. Decline Stage- every product has to undergo the decline stage. This can be because of the market saturation or the customers will lose interest in the product (Nepal, Murat and Chinnam 2012). The decline stage can also prove beneficial for the company by switching to cheaper markets and production methods. Analysis Many people prefer bigger phones that have bigger display. Apples Next is going to have a six-inch display screen, which can be beneficial for the people preferring bigger phones. Phones have been in trend for almost seven years now and the demand of smartphones has increased at a significant rate. The product has some exceptional new features, which are going to be loved by the potential customers. The product features will help the product to enter new markets and gain high profits (Kirzner 2015). The product has everything that a customer expects from a product of Apple Inc. The A9 processor is three times faster than the processor in 5s. The 14-megapixel camera is going to provide its customers with the best photo experience. The camera also has the capability of capturing 4K video of High-Definition. The touch ID of the phone makes it different from the other products of the company. The starting price of the product is from $450. The product also has a 3D touch functionality, w hich is missing in its predecessor, iPhone SE. The technology is new and the design is exceptionally brilliant. The bigger display screen of the phone is going to provide the customers with the best experience. The videos are of high quality and it would look much better on the big screen. The iPhones 5 and 5s have been in trend for a long time. People had a demand for both the products because of their improved technology. The phones provided the customers with ultimate experience. However, the company wanted to do something different and increase its sales in the competitive market. The company has seen decreased sales after the launch of iphones 6 and 6s (NDTV Gadgets360.com 2016). Hence, Apple Inc. has thought of launching this new product in the target market to regain its market position and satisfy the potential customers. The product is a perfect match for the businesspersons, office-goers and the teenagers. Even the children going to school will have a fascination about thi s product. The product has exceptional gaming features that can attract children. The outstanding feature of the phone is the quality of camera. It is going to be the best camera in the world with exceptional features. The camera can record videos of 4K quality and high definition. This is the best feature offered by the company until date. Another amazing feature of the product is its strength. It is hard yet slim and sleek (Park, Ryu and Lee 2015). This provides a new outlook to the product and prevents the product from external damages. The display screen is made of gorilla glass, which can prevent the phone from additional shocks and scratches. The initial price of the product is $450 and therefore, high-class businesspersons can afford it. However, it can be a problem for the middle-class people, who can find it difficult to buy the product because of its high price. The company produces products for the people of the higher strata. Therefore, the product is perfect for the potential or the target customers (Rosenbaum-Elliott, Percy and Pervan 2015). The feat ures offered by the product are going to popularise the company and help it to regain its position in the potential market (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). The slim look of the phone is going to attract many customers. The design of the product is exceptionally good and it has the capability to attract new customers and retain the existing customers (Tarrant et al. 2014). The product is going to have a tough competition with its predecessor iPhone SE (Apple.com 2016). It is because both the products have almost similar features with an exception of few features. The large screen and the 14-megapixel camera are the exceptional features of this product. The company can also modify the product according to the needs and demands of the customers. This will help the company to know the current trend of the market and help it to increase its sales in the target market. The company can also gain huge profit after the launching of the product. Conclusion At the end of the report, it can be concluded that the new product of Apple Inc. is going to have some exceptional new features that are going to be accepted by most of the people. The large screen and the camera feature are going to differentiate Apples Next from the other products of the company. The product can help the company to regain its position in the target market. The introduction stage of the product is going to be little expensive for the company, as the product needs to find out the potential customers. The product may experience low sales after its introduction. It can grow once the customers are aware of the features of the product. The maturity stage of the product can help the company to increase their sales and gain higher returns on investment. The product has the capability to attract new customers into the potential market. It is going to be the strongest phone ever built with exceptional features like longer battery life, best camera, and larger display and so on. References Apple.com. (2016).Apple - Press Info - Apple Introduces iPhone SE The Most Powerful Phone with a Four-inch Display. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2016/03/21Apple-Introduces-iPhone-SE-The-Most-Powerful-Phone-with-a-Four-inch-Display.html [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. Hanks, S.H., 2015. The organization life cycle: Integrating content and process.Journal of Small Business Strategy,1(1), pp.1-12. iMore. (2014).iSight. [online] Available at: https://www.imore.com/isight [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Leotechnosoft.net. 2016.iPhone-Apps-Development. [online] Available at: https://www.leotechnosoft.net/iPhone-Apps-Development.aspx [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. McGarry, C. and McGarry, C. (2016).Meet the iPhone SE, which packs iPhone 6s performance in a 4-inch body. [online] Macworld. Available at: https://www.macworld.com/article/3046494/hardware/meet-the-iphone-se-which-packs-iphone-6s-performance-in-a-4-inch-body.html [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. Moerman, D. 2012. Cathedrals, symphony orchestras, and iPhones: The cultural basis of modern technology.Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35(04), pp.231-232. Nagamia, N.K.A., 2015. Apple Inc-A Marketing Analysis Case Study.MacEwan University Student eJournal,2(1). NDTV Gadgets360.com. (2016).iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus: Top 10 New Features. [online] Available at: https://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/features/iphone-6s-and-iphone-6s-plus-top-10-new-features-738148 [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. Nepal, B., Murat, A. and Chinnam, R.B., 2012. The bullwhip effect in capacitated supply chains with consideration for product life-cycle aspects.International Journal of Production Economics,136(2), pp.318-331. Park, S., Ryu, S. and Lee, J., Lg Electronics Inc., 2015.Mobile phone. U.S. Patent D726,140. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Percy, L. and Pervan, S., 2015.Strategic brand management. Oxford University Press, USA. Stark, J., 2015.Product lifecycle management(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Stein, S., Hautala, L., Tibken, S., Blanco, X., Blanco, X., Kooser, A., Rubin, B., Whitney, L., Pendlebury, T., Hautala, L. and Cipriani, J. (2016).Apple - The latest on Apple. [online] CNET. Available at: https://www.cnet.com/apple/ [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. Tarrant, C., Angell, E., Baker, R., Boulton, M., Freeman, G., Wilkie, P., Jackson, P., Wobi, F. and Ketley, D., 2014. Literature review: meaning and measurement of responsiveness. The Times of India. 2016.Apples new iPhone SE: 9 best features- The Times of India. [online] Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/Apples-new-iPhone-SE-10-best-features/itslideshow/51506631.cms [Accessed 23 Mar. 2016]. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.